diff --git a/scripts/core/alias.sh b/scripts/core/alias.sh
index 899db1b..9d30a49 100644
--- a/scripts/core/alias.sh
+++ b/scripts/core/alias.sh
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ _clash_alias_print_sep() {
 }
 
 _clash_alias_proxy_on() {
-  eval "$(_clashctl_real proxy on)" || return $?
+  _clashctl_real proxy on >/dev/null || return $?
 }
 
 _clash_alias_proxy_off() {
-  eval "$(_clashctl_real proxy off)" || true
+  _clashctl_real proxy off >/dev/null || true
 }
 
 _clash_alias_proxy_show() {
@@ -85,13 +85,7 @@ _clash_alias_after_on() {
 _clash_alias_after_off() {
   _clash_alias_set_persist_enabled "false"
   _clash_alias_print_sep
-  echo "🔴 已关闭代理环境"
-  echo "🧹 当前 Shell 代理变量已清理"
-  if [ "${CLASH_WRAPPER_EXEC:-0}" = "1" ]; then
-    echo '💡 若当前终端仍有代理变量，请执行：eval "$(clashctl proxy off)"'
-  fi
-  echo "🧭 新终端默认代理：已关闭"
-  echo "👉 下一步：clashctl status"
+  echo "🧹 系统代理已关闭"
 }
 
 _clash_alias_run_on() {
@@ -110,12 +104,7 @@ _clash_alias_run_off() {
 }
 
 _clash_alias_auto_restore_proxy() {
-  [ "${CLASH_FOR_LINUX_PROXY_AUTO_RESTORED:-0}" = "1" ] && return 0
-  export CLASH_FOR_LINUX_PROXY_AUTO_RESTORED="1"
-
-  if _clash_alias_persist_enabled; then
-    _clash_alias_proxy_on >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-  fi
+  return 0
 }
 
 clashctl() {
@@ -138,7 +127,7 @@ clashctl() {
         off)
           _clash_alias_proxy_off
           _clash_alias_print_sep
-          echo "🧹 当前 Shell 代理变量已清理"
+          echo "🧹 系统代理已关闭"
           ;;
         *)
           _clashctl_real "$@"
diff --git a/scripts/core/clashctl.sh b/scripts/core/clashctl.sh
index a72b26c..bd7cf82 100644
--- a/scripts/core/clashctl.sh
+++ b/scripts/core/clashctl.sh
@@ -260,6 +260,11 @@ cmd_on() {
     fi
   fi
 
+  if ! system_proxy_enable; then
+    service_stop >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    die_state "当前环境不支持系统代理接管（仅支持可写 /etc/environment）" "clashctl proxy show"
+  fi
+
   load_system_state
   print_on_feedback
 
@@ -274,9 +279,11 @@ cmd_off() {
   prepare
   service_stop
 
-  ui_title "🔴 代理环境已关闭"
-  ui_info "当前 Shell 代理变量已清理（函数系统已生效）"
-  ui_next "clashctl status"
+  if ! system_proxy_disable; then
+    die_state "当前环境不支持系统代理关闭（仅支持可写 /etc/environment）" "clashctl proxy show"
+  fi
+
+  echo "🧹 系统代理已关闭"
   ui_blank
 }
 
@@ -1432,39 +1439,12 @@ status_current_proxy_brief() {
   echo "暂无可切换策略组"
 }
 
-shell_proxy_enabled() {
-  [ -n "${http_proxy:-}" ] \
-    || [ -n "${https_proxy:-}" ] \
-    || [ -n "${HTTP_PROXY:-}" ] \
-    || [ -n "${HTTPS_PROXY:-}" ] \
-    || [ -n "${all_proxy:-}" ] \
-    || [ -n "${ALL_PROXY:-}" ]
-}
-
-shell_proxy_http_value() {
-  if [ -n "${http_proxy:-}" ]; then
-    echo "$http_proxy"
-    return 0
+system_proxy_supported_state() {
+  if system_proxy_supported; then
+    echo "true"
+  else
+    echo "false"
   fi
-
-  if [ -n "${HTTP_PROXY:-}" ]; then
-    echo "$HTTP_PROXY"
-    return 0
-  fi
-
-  echo ""
-}
-
-shell_proxy_matches_runtime() {
-  local expected actual
-
-  expected="$(proxy_http_url 2>/dev/null || true)"
-  actual="$(shell_proxy_http_value)"
-
-  [ -n "${expected:-}" ] || return 1
-  [ -n "${actual:-}" ] || return 1
-
-  [ "$expected" = "$actual" ]
 }
 
 connectivity_issue_code() {
@@ -1504,13 +1484,18 @@ connectivity_issue_code() {
     return 0
   fi
 
-  if ! shell_proxy_enabled; then
-    echo "shell_proxy_missing"
+  if ! system_proxy_supported; then
+    echo "system_proxy_unsupported"
     return 0
   fi
 
-  if ! shell_proxy_matches_runtime; then
-    echo "shell_proxy_mismatch"
+  if [ "$(system_proxy_status 2>/dev/null || echo off)" != "on" ]; then
+    echo "system_proxy_off"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if ! system_proxy_matches_runtime; then
+    echo "system_proxy_mismatch"
     return 0
   fi
 
@@ -1525,8 +1510,9 @@ connectivity_issue_text() {
     config_invalid) echo "异常（当前运行配置不可用）" ;;
     subscription_unhealthy) echo "异常（当前主订阅不可用）" ;;
     proxy_control_broken) echo "异常（当前无可用策略组或节点控制面异常）" ;;
-    shell_proxy_missing) echo "未接管（当前 Shell 未注入代理环境）" ;;
-    shell_proxy_mismatch) echo "异常（当前 Shell 代理与运行时端口不一致）" ;;
+    system_proxy_unsupported) echo "未接管（当前环境不支持系统代理）" ;;
+    system_proxy_off) echo "未接管（系统代理未开启）" ;;
+    system_proxy_mismatch) echo "异常（系统代理端口与运行时不一致）" ;;
     *) echo "未知" ;;
   esac
 }
@@ -1551,11 +1537,14 @@ connectivity_next_action() {
     proxy_control_broken)
       echo "clashctl status --verbose"
       ;;
-    shell_proxy_missing)
-      echo 'eval "$(clashctl proxy on)"'
+    system_proxy_unsupported)
+      echo "clashctl doctor"
       ;;
-    shell_proxy_mismatch)
-      echo 'eval "$(clashctl proxy off)" && eval "$(clashctl proxy on)"'
+    system_proxy_off)
+      echo "clashctl proxy on"
+      ;;
+    system_proxy_mismatch)
+      echo "clashctl proxy off && clashctl proxy on"
       ;;
     *)
       echo "clashctl doctor"
@@ -1566,6 +1555,7 @@ connectivity_next_action() {
 connectivity_evidence_lines() {
   local runtime_running controller_ok build_status subscription_status
   local group_count expected_proxy actual_proxy active config_source
+  local system_proxy_state system_proxy_supported_text
 
   if status_is_running; then
     runtime_running="true"
@@ -1585,7 +1575,9 @@ connectivity_evidence_lines() {
   active="$(active_subscription_name 2>/dev/null || true)"
   config_source="$(status_runtime_config_source 2>/dev/null || true)"
   expected_proxy="$(proxy_http_url 2>/dev/null || true)"
-  actual_proxy="$(shell_proxy_http_value)"
+  actual_proxy="$(system_proxy_http_value 2>/dev/null || true)"
+  system_proxy_state="$(system_proxy_status 2>/dev/null || echo off)"
+  system_proxy_supported_text="$(system_proxy_supported_state)"
 
   echo "• runtime_running = ${runtime_running:-false}"
   echo "• controller_reachable = ${controller_ok:-false}"
@@ -1595,12 +1587,9 @@ connectivity_evidence_lines() {
   echo "• config_source = ${config_source:-unknown}"
   echo "• proxy_group_count = ${group_count:-0}"
 
-  if shell_proxy_enabled; then
-    echo "• shell_proxy_enabled = true"
-    echo "• shell_proxy_http = ${actual_proxy:-unknown}"
-  else
-    echo "• shell_proxy_enabled = false"
-  fi
+  echo "• system_proxy_supported = ${system_proxy_supported_text:-false}"
+  echo "• system_proxy_enabled = ${system_proxy_state:-off}"
+  [ -n "${actual_proxy:-}" ] && echo "• system_proxy_http = ${actual_proxy}"
 
   if [ -n "${expected_proxy:-}" ]; then
     echo "• runtime_proxy_http = $expected_proxy"
@@ -1758,10 +1747,10 @@ print_status_summary_compact() {
   user_risk="$(status_user_risk_text)"
   current_proxy_brief="$(status_current_proxy_brief)"
   next_action="$(system_state_default_action 2>/dev/null || echo 'clashctl status')"
-  if shell_proxy_persist_enabled 2>/dev/null; then
-    shell_persist_text="开启"
+  if system_proxy_supported; then
+    shell_persist_text="$(system_proxy_status 2>/dev/null || echo off)"
   else
-    shell_persist_text="关闭"
+    shell_persist_text="unsupported"
   fi
   if [ -f "$(runtime_dashboard_dir)/index.html" ]; then
     dashboard_text="已部署"
@@ -1802,7 +1791,7 @@ print_status_summary_compact() {
   echo "⚙️ 运行后端：$(status_runtime_backend_text)"
   echo "🧪 环境模式：$(status_container_mode_text)"
   echo "🧪 Tun 状态：${tun_text:-未知}"
-  echo "🧭 新终端代理继承：${shell_persist_text}"
+  echo "🧭 系统代理状态：${shell_persist_text}"
   echo "🧩 Dashboard：${dashboard_text}（来源：${dashboard_source_text}）"
   echo "🧩 Dashboard 策略：${dashboard_policy_text}"
   echo "🔐 控制器密钥：${secret_text}"
@@ -1904,10 +1893,10 @@ print_status_summary_verbose() {
   tun_verify_result="$(status_tun_last_verify_result 2>/dev/null || true)"
   tun_verify_reason="$(status_tun_last_verify_reason 2>/dev/null || true)"
   tun_verify_time="$(status_tun_last_verify_time 2>/dev/null || true)"
-  if shell_proxy_persist_enabled 2>/dev/null; then
-    shell_persist_text="开启"
+  if system_proxy_supported; then
+    shell_persist_text="$(system_proxy_status 2>/dev/null || echo off)"
   else
-    shell_persist_text="关闭"
+    shell_persist_text="unsupported"
   fi
   if [ -f "$(runtime_dashboard_dir)/index.html" ]; then
     dashboard_text="已部署"
@@ -1970,7 +1959,7 @@ print_status_summary_verbose() {
   echo "🧪 环境模式：${install_container_text:-unknown}"
   echo "🧩 安装验证：${install_verify_text:-unknown}"
   echo "🧭 端口裁决：${port_adjustment_text:-unknown}"
-  echo "🧭 新终端代理继承：${shell_persist_text}"
+  echo "🧭 系统代理状态：${shell_persist_text}"
   echo "🧩 Dashboard：${dashboard_text}（来源：${dashboard_source_text}）"
   echo "🧩 Dashboard 策略：${dashboard_policy_text}"
   echo "🔐 控制器密钥：${secret_text}"
@@ -2837,10 +2826,10 @@ doctor_runtime_events() {
   build_applied="$(status_runtime_build_applied 2>/dev/null || true)"
   build_applied_time="$(status_runtime_build_applied_time 2>/dev/null || true)"
   build_applied_reason="$(status_runtime_build_applied_reason 2>/dev/null || true)"
-  if shell_proxy_persist_enabled 2>/dev/null; then
-    shell_persist_text="开启"
+  if system_proxy_supported; then
+    shell_persist_text="$(system_proxy_status 2>/dev/null || echo off)"
   else
-    shell_persist_text="关闭"
+    shell_persist_text="unsupported"
   fi
   if [ -f "$(runtime_dashboard_dir)/index.html" ]; then
     dashboard_status="已部署"
@@ -2860,7 +2849,7 @@ doctor_runtime_events() {
 
   doctor_ok "当前风险等级：${risk_level:-unknown}"
   doctor_ok "当前配置来源：${config_source:-unknown}"
-  doctor_ok "新终端代理继承：${shell_persist_text}"
+  doctor_ok "系统代理状态：${shell_persist_text}"
   doctor_ok "Dashboard 运行目录：${dashboard_status}（来源：${dashboard_source}）"
   doctor_ok ".env 控制器密钥：${secret_status}"
 
@@ -4809,10 +4798,18 @@ cmd_proxy() {
       print_proxy_show
       ;;
     on)
-      print_proxy_on_script
+      if ! system_proxy_enable; then
+        die_state "当前环境不支持系统代理接管（仅支持可写 /etc/environment）" "clashctl proxy show"
+      fi
+      ui_ok "系统代理已开启"
+      print_proxy_show
       ;;
     off)
-      print_proxy_off_script
+      if ! system_proxy_disable; then
+        die_state "当前环境不支持系统代理关闭（仅支持可写 /etc/environment）" "clashctl proxy show"
+      fi
+      ui_ok "系统代理已关闭"
+      print_proxy_show
       ;;
     groups)
       cmd_proxy_groups
@@ -4852,7 +4849,7 @@ cmd_proxy() {
       echo "  clashctl proxy select <策略组> <节点>"
       echo
       echo "🧩 说明："
-      echo "  on/off    输出当前 Shell 代理变量脚本"
+      echo "  on/off    开启或关闭系统代理（/etc/environment）"
       echo "  groups    查看可切换策略组"
       echo "  current   查看当前节点"
       echo "  nodes     查看某策略组候选节点"
@@ -4863,8 +4860,6 @@ cmd_proxy() {
       echo "  clashctl proxy groups"
       echo "  clashctl proxy select"
       echo
-      echo '🌐 注入当前 Shell：eval "$(clashctl proxy on)"'
-      echo '🧹 清理当前 Shell：eval "$(clashctl proxy off)"'
       echo
       ui_next "clashctl select"
       ui_blank
diff --git a/scripts/core/proxy.sh b/scripts/core/proxy.sh
index 9699a6b..eeab4bc 100644
--- a/scripts/core/proxy.sh
+++ b/scripts/core/proxy.sh
@@ -31,48 +31,134 @@ proxy_no_proxy_value() {
   echo "${NO_PROXY_DEFAULT:-127.0.0.1,localhost,::1}"
 }
 
+system_proxy_env_file() {
+  echo "${SYSTEM_PROXY_ENV_FILE:-/etc/environment}"
+}
+
+system_proxy_block_begin() {
+  echo "# >>> clash-for-linux system proxy >>>"
+}
+
+system_proxy_block_end() {
+  echo "# <<< clash-for-linux system proxy <<<"
+}
+
+system_proxy_supported() {
+  local file dir
+
+  file="$(system_proxy_env_file)"
+  dir="$(dirname "$file")"
+
+  if [ -f "$file" ]; then
+    [ -w "$file" ]
+    return $?
+  fi
+
+  [ -d "$dir" ] && [ -w "$dir" ]
+}
+
+system_proxy_status() {
+  local file
+  file="$(system_proxy_env_file)"
+
+  [ -f "$file" ] || {
+    echo "off"
+    return 0
+  }
+
+  if grep -Fq "$(system_proxy_block_begin)" "$file" 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "on"
+  else
+    echo "off"
+  fi
+}
+
+system_proxy_http_value() {
+  local file value
+  file="$(system_proxy_env_file)"
+  [ -f "$file" ] || return 1
+
+  value="$(sed -nE 's/^http_proxy="?([^"\r\n]+)"?$/\1/p' "$file" | tail -n 1)"
+  [ -n "${value:-}" ] || return 1
+
+  echo "$value"
+}
+
+system_proxy_matches_runtime() {
+  local expected actual
+
+  expected="$(proxy_http_url 2>/dev/null || true)"
+  actual="$(system_proxy_http_value 2>/dev/null || true)"
+
+  [ -n "${expected:-}" ] || return 1
+  [ -n "${actual:-}" ] || return 1
+  [ "$expected" = "$actual" ]
+}
+
+system_proxy_write_block() {
+  local mode="$1"
+  local file tmp http_url socks_url no_proxy
+
+  file="$(system_proxy_env_file)"
+  tmp="$(mktemp)"
+
+  [ -f "$file" ] && cat "$file" > "$tmp"
+
+  awk -v begin="$(system_proxy_block_begin)" -v end="$(system_proxy_block_end)" '
+    $0 == begin {skip=1; next}
+    $0 == end {skip=0; next}
+    skip != 1 {print}
+  ' "$tmp" > "${tmp}.clean"
+
+  mv -f "${tmp}.clean" "$tmp"
+
+  if [ "$mode" = "on" ]; then
+    http_url="$(proxy_http_url)"
+    socks_url="$(proxy_socks_url)"
+    no_proxy="$(proxy_no_proxy_value)"
+
+    {
+      echo "$(system_proxy_block_begin)"
+      echo "http_proxy="$http_url""
+      echo "https_proxy="$http_url""
+      echo "HTTP_PROXY="$http_url""
+      echo "HTTPS_PROXY="$http_url""
+      echo "all_proxy="$socks_url""
+      echo "ALL_PROXY="$socks_url""
+      echo "no_proxy="$no_proxy""
+      echo "NO_PROXY="$no_proxy""
+      echo "$(system_proxy_block_end)"
+    } >> "$tmp"
+  fi
+
+  cat "$tmp" > "$file"
+  rm -f "$tmp" 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+system_proxy_enable() {
+  system_proxy_supported || return 2
+  system_proxy_write_block "on"
+}
+
+system_proxy_disable() {
+  system_proxy_supported || return 2
+  system_proxy_write_block "off"
+}
+
 print_proxy_show() {
+  local status
+  status="$(system_proxy_status)"
+
   echo
   echo "😼 当前代理环境"
   echo
   echo "🌐 HTTP：$(proxy_http_url)"
   echo "🧦 SOCKS5：$(proxy_socks_url)"
   echo "🚫 NO_PROXY：$(proxy_no_proxy_value)"
+  echo "🧭 系统代理：${status}（$(system_proxy_env_file)）"
   echo
 }
 
-print_proxy_on_script() {
-  local http_url socks_url no_proxy
-
-  http_url="$(proxy_http_url)"
-  socks_url="$(proxy_socks_url)"
-  no_proxy="$(proxy_no_proxy_value)"
-
-  cat <<EOF
-export http_proxy="$http_url"
-export https_proxy="$http_url"
-export HTTP_PROXY="$http_url"
-export HTTPS_PROXY="$http_url"
-export all_proxy="$socks_url"
-export ALL_PROXY="$socks_url"
-export no_proxy="$no_proxy"
-export NO_PROXY="$no_proxy"
-EOF
-}
-
-print_proxy_off_script() {
-  cat <<'EOF'
-unset http_proxy
-unset https_proxy
-unset HTTP_PROXY
-unset HTTPS_PROXY
-unset all_proxy
-unset ALL_PROXY
-unset no_proxy
-unset NO_PROXY
-EOF
-}
-
 controller_addr() {
   local config_file="${1:-$RUNTIME_DIR/config.yaml}"
 
@@ -335,4 +421,4 @@ print_proxy_groups_summary() {
       echo "$group"
     fi
   done < <(proxy_group_list)
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}